Ndiani Akagadzira Roulette? Mavambo eRoulette
Mavhiri akati wandei, zita rimwe, guta rakazopedzisira raronyora pasi.
Hapana munhu akanyorwa seiye akagadzira roulette. Mutambo sezvatinouziva unobuda muParis pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi18, uchibatanidza vhiri rinotenderera kubva kumitambo yekare netafura yekubhejera yakakweretwa kubva kumitambo yepatafura yeItaly neEngland.
Madzitateguru
Mitambo mitatu yekare yakapa zvikamu. Mavhiri eE.O. (“even-odd”) eEngland ema1740s aiva nevhiri rinotenderera rine makombamidziyoGombaImwe yemakamuri 37 ane nhamba parotor. Mamwe mazita: slot, cup.Verengai zvese → makumi mana akanyorwa E kana O uye bhoramidziyoBhoraBhora diki rinokandwa mumugero richienda rimwe divi nerotor. Mabhora emazuva ano ndeeivorine kana Teflon, 18–21 mm.Verengai zvese → raikandwa pariri; akarambidzwa muna 1745 uye akaramba achitambwa zvakadaro. Roly-poly, mutambo wekare weEngland, waifanana. Mutambo werotari weItaly biribi, unonzi wakatangira muGenoa munenge muna 1750 uye waizivikanwa muFrance secavagnole, waishandisa bhodhi renhamba 70 paibhejwa nevatambi nehombodo yaibviswa nhamba; nhamba yakunda yaidzosera ka64 mari yakabhejwa, mari yakabhejwa ichiverengerwa (63 kusvika ku1), saka bhangi raichengeta 6 pa70 mayunitimariYunitiMari yehwaro inoshandiswa nesisitimu kana nemutambi. Maprogression anotsanangurwa nemayuniti kuitira kuti ashande patafura ipi zvayo.Verengai zvese → ese akabhejwa, chikamu che8.57%. Casanova, akautamba muma1760s, akauti mutambo wemakororo, uye France yakaurambidza muna 1837. Wakapa pfungwa yetafura yekubhejeramidziyoTafura yekubhejeraGridhi yekubhejera yakadhindwa patafura. Mamwe mazita: table, felt, cloth.Verengai zvese → yenhamba ine mubhadharomariMubhadharoZvinodzoserwa nebheti rakunda, zvinotaurwa se“X kusvika ku1” pamusoro pemari yakabhejwa inodzoserwa.Verengai zvese → wemikana mirefu. Hoca, yaitambwa mudare ramambo weFrance muma1600s, yaiva nenhamba makumi matatu nechikamu chekasinomasvomhuChikamu chekasinoChikamu chemari yega yega yakabhejwa chinochengetwa nekasino paavhareji: 2.70% muRoulette yeEurope.Verengai zvese → chakavakirwa pamakomba akachengeterwa kasino. Hapana neumwe wavo uri roulette; pamwe chete ndivo vabereki vayo.
Hoca mudare ramambo weFrance: nhamba makumi matatu, makomba ekasino. Yakarambidzwa naLouis XIV, ikatambwa zvakadaro.
Biribi muItaly neFrance: bhodhi rine nhamba, nhamba inobviswa muhombodo, mikana mirefu.
Mavhiri eE.O. mudzimba dzekubheja dzeEngland: vhiri rinotenderera, bhora, yakaenzana kana isina kuenzana. Akarambidzwa muna 1745.
Paris inobatanidza vhiri netafura yekubhejera ine nhamba. 0 ne00 zvese makomba ekasino.
Mutambo wePalais-Royal unotsanangurwa nebhuku raLablée (1801) zvakadzama zvinozivikanwa.
Roulette yakagadzirwa kupi? MuParis, pakasvika 1796
Bhuku renyaya La Roulette, ou le Jour raJaques Lablée, rakaburitswa muna 1801, rinotsanangura vhiri riri muPalais-Royal muna 1796 rine nhamba 1 kusvika 36, zerovhiriZeroGomba rimwe chete rakasvibira risingafukidzwi nebheti remubhadharo wakaenzana, redozeni kana rekoramu; ndiko kunobva chikamu chekasino. Mamwe mazita: zero imwe, 0.Verengai zvese → tsvukubhetiTsvukuBheti remubhadharo wakaenzana panhamba 18 tsvuku. ChiFrench: rouge.Verengai zvese → nezero mbirimhandoZero mbiriGomba re00 pavhiri reAmerica. Kuvapo kwaro kunokwidza chikamu chekasino kubva pa2.70% kusvika pa5.26%.Verengai zvese → nhemabhetiNhemaBheti remubhadharo wakaenzana panhamba 18 nhema. ChiFrench: noir.Verengai zvese → zvakachengeterwa kasino, netafura yekubhejera ine mabheti emukati nemabheti ekunzebhetiBheti rekunzeBheti pamabhokisi akakomberedza gridhi: madozeni, makoramu nemabheti emubhadharo wakaenzana.Verengai zvese → zvinenge sezvazviri nhasi. Ndiyo tsananguro yekutanga yakazara uye yatova mutambo wemazuva ano. Palais-Royal yaiva nzvimbo yekubheja yeParis, ine rezinesi uye ichibhadhariswa mutero, kusvikira kurambidzwa kwa1837 kwasundira mutambo kumaguta emaspa eGermany.
Bad Homburg neMakasino eSpaMabheti eMukati neeKunze muRoulette
Zita
Roulette ichiFrench chekuti “vhiri diki”. Izwi iri rakanga richishandiswa kumimwe mitambo yemavhiri risati ragara pauyu: mutemo wa1758 weNew France, koloni yeFrance paSt Lawrence, wakanga watorambidza “madhayisi, hoca, faro neroulette”, sezvinotaurwa naShelley (1988), usingatauri kuti roulette iyoyo yaitaridzika sei. Muzvinyorwa zvekare zvechiRungu mutambo dzimwe nguva unonzi “roulet” kana kutsanangurwa se“the French E.O.”. Pakasvika ma1820s “roulette” yaireva mutambo mumwe chete kwese kwese muEurope.
Mazero maviri
Mavhiri ekutanga eParis aiva ne0 ne00, izvo zvaipa kasino chikamu che5.26% pavhiri rine makomba 38. Vhiri rine zero imwe raiva danho rekutengesa rehama dzaBlanc kuBad Homburg muna 1843, rakagadzirirwa kukwezva vatambi kubva kumaspa anokwikwidzana. Vhiri reAmerica rakachengeta mazero ese ari maviri nekuti mutambo wakanga wasvika kuAmerica shanduko isati yaitika uye hapana aiva nemukwikwidzi kwaiko waaifanira kudzikisira mutengo. Mamwe mavhiri ekutanga eAmerica akaenda kure kupfuura: imwe tafura yekubhejera yezana ramakore rechi19 yaiva nenhamba 1 kusvika 28 chete ne0, 00 negondo, yaibhadhara nhamba imwe 27 for 1, chikamu che12.90%, uye yaitora 9.68% pamakoramubhetiKoramuNhamba gumi nembiri mukoramu imwe yakamira yetafura yekubhejera, rinobhadhara 2:1.Verengai zvese → nemavara ayo. Haina kugara.
Sei yakapararira
Roulette haidi unyanzvi, inopedzwa miniti yega yega, uye inobvumira vatambi vazhinji sezvavanoda kubheja pamwe chete vachipesana nekasino isingagoni kurasikirwa munguva refu. Kumutungamiri wekasino ndiwo mutambo wakanakisa: unokurumidza, uri nyore, unokura uye une purofiti pachiyero chinozivikanwa. Kuhurumende unobhadhariswa mutero. Mutambo wakatevera mari nemarezinesi kubva kuParis kuenda kuHomburg kuenda kuMonaco kuenda kwese kwese.
Roulette yeMonte CarloKuswedera kweNguva Refu: Mutemo weNhamba Huru muRoulette
Zvisina kuchinja
Tafura yekubhejera, mibhadharo (36/n − 1), nhevedzo yakatarwa yeround nebasa remutambisi zvakafanana mutsananguro yaLablée nepastream yemhenyu nhasi. Nhevedzo yevhiri, madeflectormidziyoDeflectorChimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvesimbi paapron zvinoparadzira bhora riri kuwira. Mamwe mazita: canoe, diamond, pin.Verengai zvese → nemafretmidziyoFretRusvingo rwesimbi pakati pemakomba maviri pavhiri.Verengai zvese → akaderera zvakavandudzwa muzana ramakore rechi19 kurwisa vatambi vakanga vadzidza kutarisa bhora. Zero imwe ndiyo yega shanduko yakabata mikana, uye yakaiita kuti ive nani.
Mibvunzo
Akaedza nemavhiri anotenderera muma1650s nezvimwe zvikonzero. Kupiwa mbiri uku itsika, hakuna kunyorwa. Onai peji rake.
Yaiva nerezinesi muPalais-Royal kusvikira 1837, ikazorambidzwa kusvikira 1907, apo makasino mumaguta emaspa nepamahombekombe egungwa akabvumirwa zvakare.
Kuchinjanisa mavara zvakasimba uye kuparadzira dzepamusoro/dzepasi nedzisina kuenzana/dzakaenzana. Nhevedzo chaiyo yakagadziriswa muzana ramakore rechi19 uye haina kuchinja.
Kutamba neMasvomhu
Edzai izvi imi pachenyu pekutanga. Mhinduro yega yega yakapetwa; ivhurei kana magadzirira.
Biribi yaidzosa 64 for 1 panhamba imwe pa70, pamwe nemari yakabhejwa: 63 kusvika ku1. Ichocho chikamu chekasino chakadii? Dai yakapa bheti panhamba mbiri, mubhadharomariMubhadharoZvinodzoserwa nebheti rakunda, zvinotaurwa se“X kusvika ku1” pamusoro pemari yakabhejwa inodzoserwa.Verengai zvese → upi waizochengeta chikamu chekasino chakafanana?
Ratidza mhinduro
Mhinduro Chikamu chekasino i6/70, 8.57%. Bheti renhamba mbiri raizobhadhara 31 kusvika ku1, nhamba yakazara.
Nhamba imwe inokunda kamwe chete pakudhirowa 70 uye inobhadhara mayunitimariYunitiMari yehwaro inoshandiswa nesisitimu kana nemutambi. Maprogression anotsanangurwa nemayuniti kuitira kuti ashande patafura ipi zvayo.Verengai zvese → 63; kudhirowa kumwe 69 kunorasikirwa 1: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, chikamu chekasino che8.57%. Nemamwe mashoko, bhanga rinodzosa 64 apo mutambo wakaenzanamasvomhuMutambo wakaenzanaMutambo usina divi rine mukana: bheti rimwe nerimwe rine kukosha kunotarisirwa kwe zero.Verengai zvese → waizodzosa 70.
Bheti renhamba mbiri pa x kusvika ku1 rinokunda kaviri pakudhirowa 70: mayuniti 2x akakundwa kana zvichienzaniswa ne68 akarasikirwa, kukosha kunotarisirwamasvomhuKukosha kunotarisirwaMhedzisiro yepakati pabheti rimwe nekufamba kwenguva refu. −1/37 yemari yakabhejwa pabheti rimwe nerimwe reEurope rakajairwa.Verengai zvese → kwe(2x − 68)/70. Isai 2x − 68 = −6: x = 31. Ndiko kudzosa 32 for 1, hafu ye64.
Mibhadharo yeBiribi inotevera 64/n inodzoserwa for 1, uye 64 inokamurwa nehafu zvakanaka panhamba 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ne32, saka mabheti iwayo anobuda akazara. 36 yeRoulette inokamurwa ne1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 ne36, izvo zvinoenderana netafura yekubhejeramidziyoTafura yekubhejeraGridhi yekubhejera yakadhindwa patafura. Mamwe mazita: table, felt, cloth.Verengai zvese → yemitsara yematatu.
Nhamba 70 dzeBiribi, dzakarongwa mumitsara, dzaisiya nzvimbo yemabheti mana enhamba nhatu. Nemutemo uri shure kwechikamu chekasino che8.57% chenhamba imwe, bheti renhamba nhatu rinofanira kubhadhara marii? Mibhadharo yakazara iri pedyo yaizodhura marii?
Ratidza mhinduro
Mhinduro 20⅓ kusvika ku1. Kubhadhara 20 kusvika ku1 kwaizodhura 10%; kubhadhara 21 kusvika ku1, 5.71%.
Mutemo unobva padambudziko riri pamusoro: bheti panhamba n rinodzosa 64/n for 1. Panhamba nhatu ndiko 64/3 = 21⅓ inodzoserwa, kana 20⅓ kusvika ku1, isingagone kubhadharwa nechipimariChipiChiratidzo chinomiririra mari yakatarwa, chinoiswa patafura yekubhejera kuita bheti. Rimwe zita: check.Verengai zvese → chipi zvacho.
Bheti renhamba nhatu pa x kusvika ku1 rinokunda ka3 pakudhirowa 70 uye rinorasikirwa ka67: kukosha kunotarisirwa kwe(3x − 67)/70. Pa20 kusvika ku1: −7/70, 10%. Pa21 kusvika ku1: −4/70, 5.71%.
Kudzikisa nechikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheyuniti kunodhurira mutambi anenge mapoinzi rimwe nehafu; kukwidza kunodzosa anenge mapoinzi matatu. Makumi matatu nematanhatu, nevakamuri vayo vakawanda, inoponesa Roulette pasarudzo iyoyo pabheti rega rega kunze kwerenhamba shanu reAmerica.
Vhiri regondo remuzana remakore rechi19 raiva nemakombamidziyoGombaImwe yemakamuri 37 ane nhamba parotor. Mamwe mazita: slot, cup.Verengai zvese → 31, 1 kusvika 28 pamwe ne0, 00 negondo, uye raibhadhara 27 for 1 panhamba imwe. Mabheti aro ekoramubhetiKoramuNhamba gumi nembiri mukoramu imwe yakamira yetafura yekubhejera, rinobhadhara 2:1.Verengai zvese → neeruvara aidhura 9.68%. Bheti renhamba ina rinofanira kubhadhara marii, “for 1”, kuti ridhure zvakafanana?
Ratidza mhinduro
Mhinduro 7 for 1, iyo inodhura 3/31 = 9.68%.
Bheti rinobhadhara X for 1 rinodzosa mayuniti X, pamwe nemari yakabhejwa, kana rakunda. Bheti renhamba ina rinokunda ka4 pa31, saka rinodzosa mayuniti 4X pa31 yega yega yakabhejwa: kukosha kunotarisirwa kwe(4X − 31)/31.
Pa7 for 1 ndiko −3/31, 9.68%, zvakafanana nemakoramu nemavara. Pa8 for 1 kwaizova +1/31, mukana pamusoro kumutambi. Saka mutemo wevhiri regondo waiva (28 − n)/n kusvika ku1, makomba matatu ekasino pa31.
Kuseka zvishoma
Vhiri reEngland, tafura yekubhejera yeItaly, zita rechiFrench, mazero maviri.
Zvinyorwa
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.
- Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 4th ed.