Roulette muMabhuku
Mashandisiro anoita vanyori vemabhuku Roulette kunyora pamusoro pemari, kupengereka nemhanza.
Kubva kuThe Gambler yaDostoevsky kusvika kuKlondike yaJack London neCasino Royale yaFleming, Roulette mungano inotaura nezvemutambi, kwete vhiri. Zvakanakisa pazviri zvinotsanangura kukanganisa, kumanikidzwa nemuropa nesisitimu kubva mukati, nekururama kusina kumbowanikwa mumabhuku madiki enzira.
Lablée, 1801
La Roulette, ou le Jour ibhuku rinongoerekana riine tsananguro yekutanga yakazara yemutambo: makamuri ePalais-Royal, mazerovhiriZeroGomba rimwe chete rakasvibira risingafukidzwi nebheti remubhadharo wakaenzana, redozeni kana rekoramu; ndiko kunobva chikamu chekasino. Mamwe mazita: zero imwe, 0.Verengai zvese → maviri, tafura yekubhejeramidziyoTafura yekubhejeraGridhi yekubhejera yakadhindwa patafura. Mamwe mazita: table, felt, cloth.Verengai zvese →, kudaidza kwemacroupiervanhuCroupierMutambisi patafura yeRoulette.Verengai zvese →. Ndicho chinyorwa chekutanga chemavambo eRoulette uye hapana angangoriverenga sebhuku rengano, izvo zvingangova zvakarurama.
Dostoevsky, 1866
The Gambler rakataurwa kuti rinyorwe mumazuva 26 kuti azadzise chibvumirano uye abhadhare zvikwereti zvekubheja zvaakaita kuWiesbaden neHomburg. Muratidzi wenyaya, Alexei, mudzidzisi mumhuri yekuRussia ku“Roulettenburg” anokunda pfuma pamatafura oirasa, nekuzvirasa iye pachake, mubhuku rese. Tsananguro dzematafura, masisitimu anoshandiswa nevatambi, chivimbo chekuti mutsara unofanira kupera uye manzwiro ekukunda sekunge kunzwisisa ndiyo nhoroondo yakanakisa yekukanganisa kwemubheji mumutauro upi noupi, yakanyorwa makore angangoita makumi mashanu nhemabhetiNhemaBheti remubhadharo wakaenzana panhamba 18 nhema. ChiFrench: noir.Verengai zvese → 26 dzisati dzabuda uye zana remakore behavioral economics isati yavapo.
Thackeray nemaspa
Vanity Fair inopera Becky Sharp ari pamatafura eguta respa reGermany, uye chitsauko ichi mufananidzo wakajeka wevaigara vakapoteredza vhiri reRoulette muma1840s: vakaparara, vane tariro, vakaneta nenyanzvi. Thackeray akanga azviona; Baden-Baden yaiva munzira yemufambi wese wekuEngland. Smoke yaTurgenev (1867) inoitika mumakamuri mamwe chete.
Jack London, 1912
“Shorty Dreams”, nyaya iri muSmoke Bellew, ndiyo chete ngano inonyatsoratidza mutambi weRoulette anokunda, nekuti mutambi haasi kushandisa sisitimu. Smoke Bellew, murume wekuSan Francisco akava mutsvaki wegoridhe kuKlondike, anogara patafura yeRoulette muElkhorn saloon kuDawson otanga kukunda, husiku hwotevera humwe, madhora 3,500 panguva imwe. Shamwari yake Shorty inofunga kuti anofanira kunge achirota. Vabheji veDawson, vanoziva kubva ku“nyanzvi dzemasvomhu dzemumakoreji” kuti Roulette pachayo ndiyo sisitimu chete, vanozadza mabhuku ekunyora vachiedza kunzwisisa mabheti ake asi havawani chinhu, nekuti Smoke anoshandura kutamba kwake nemaune, kamwe achirasikirwa nemabheti makumi mana emuganho akatevedzana kuti avhiringidze mufananidzo.
Varidzi gumi vemitambo veguta vanounganidza bhangi remadhora 10,000 mukamuri yekuseri vomukoka kuti arirwise. Anoriputsa muawa nehafu. Vachisangana nekuderedza miganho yavo kusvika pasendi kana kuvhara matafura, vanobvunza kuti achatengesa sisitimu yacho nei. Madhora zviuru makumi matatu, anodaro, zviuru zvitatu mumwe nemumwe, anobhadharwa neguruva regoridhe, uye achavimbisa kuti haazomboitambazve muDawson. Vanobhadhara. Ndokuvaratidza: bhoramidziyoBhoraBhora diki rinokandwa mumugero richienda rimwe divi nerotor. Mabhora emazuva ano ndeeivorine kana Teflon, 18–21 mm.Verengai zvese → richikandwa 9 yakatarisana nemuchengeti, 26 inokunda; 11 yakatarisana inounza zero mbirimhandoZero mbiriGomba re00 pavhiri reAmerica. Kuvapo kwaro kunokwidza chikamu chekasino kubva pa2.70% kusvika pa5.26%.Verengai zvese →; zero mbiri yakatarisana inounza 32. “Hazviitiki nguva dzese, asi zvinowanzoitika.” Big Burke anomisa vhiri, oritarisa, otarisa chitofu chiri parutivi petafura, otuka. Vhiri rakakombamiswa nekupisa. Haina kumbova sisitimu; yaiva vhiri rinotsaukaongororoVhiri rinotsaukaVhiri rine zvikanganiso zvemuviri zvinoita kuti mamwe makomba ave nemukana unopfuura 1/37. Hazviwanzoitika, uye zvinoonekwa chete nekutenderera kwezviuru kwakanyorwa.Verengai zvese → nemurume akazviona.
London akanga agara chando kuKlondike muna 1897–98 uye aiziva masaloon. Nyaya iyi chidzidzo chakazara chekutamba nemukana makore angangoita makumi mashanu Thorp asati avapo: tarisai, nyorai, bhejai chikamu chevhirivhiriChikamu chevhiriRutivi rwemakomba akatevedzana pavhiri, rwakasiyana neboka riri patafura yekubhejera.Verengai zvese →, shandurai maitiro kuti kasino isaone zvamunoona, motengesa vasati vatamisa tafura. Joseph Jagger akanga aita chinhu chaicho kuMonte Carlo munenge muna 1880; shanduro yaLondon inosekesa uye hurukuro yevabheji pamusoro pekuti sei masisitimu asingagoni kushanda yakarurama sechinhu chipi nechipi pawebhusaiti ino.
Roulette yeMonte CarloNgano: Nzira yeRoulette Inogara Ichikunda
Fleming, 1953
Casino Royale kazhinji baccarat. PaRoulette Bond anobheja madozenibhetiDozeni1–12, 13–24 kana 25–36, rinobhadhara 2:1.Verengai zvese → maviri ekutanga pamuganho mukuru wetafura, achifukidza zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvetafura yekubhejera, uye muchiitiko ichocho anokunda kutenderera kutanhatu pakunomwe; Fleming anomuita kuti aone kuti kutenderera kwega kwega hakuna hukama nekwakapfuura. “Nzira yaJames Bond” inotengeswa online, kupararira pa19–36, six linebhetiSix lineNhamba nhanhatu mumitsara miviri yakavakidzana, rinobhadhara 5:1. ChiFrench: sixain.Verengai zvese → 13–18 nezero, haisi mubhuku iri, uye haisi mune chero ripi remabhuku aFleming atakaongorora; hazvizivikanwi kuti ndiani akatanga kuipa zita raBond. Mabheti ese ari maviri anodhura 2.70% pavhiri rezero imwe. Chikamu cheNzira chine masvomhu acho.
Mabhuku echokwadi
The Eudaemonic Pie yaThomas Bass (1985) inotaura nyaya yemakombiyuta emushangu uye ndiro bhuku rakanakisa pafizikisi yeRoulette kumuverengi wese. Richard Epstein naStewart Ethier vakanyora masvomhu akadzama. Beating the Wheel yaRussell Barnhart (1983) inounganidza nhoroondo yekutamba nekutsauka kwevhiri. Hapana akanyora bhuku rinoverengeka rekuti sei masisitimu achitadza, nekuti rinokwana papeji imwe, iyo iri pawebhusaiti ino.
Lablée. Mutambo watsanangurwa.
Pushkin. Sisitimu sekupenga (pafaro).
Thackeray. Mhomho yemakasino espa.
Dostoevsky. Mubheji chaiye.
Rwiyo: “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo”.
London. Smoke anokunda vhiri rakakombama muDawson otengesa “sisitimu”.
Fleming. Bond anobheja madozeni maviri.
Barnhart; Bass. Mabhuku echokwadi ekukunda vhiri.
Ethier. Masvomhu, akazara.
Zvinozivikanwa nengano
Kuti sisitimu inzira yekunzwa sekunge uri kutonga. Kuti kukunda kunonzwika seruzivo. Kuti mutsara usingagoni kuenderera unoenderera. Kuti mutambi chete anonyatsokunda ndiye akawana chimwe chinhu chakaipa pavhiri, uye kuti anofanira kutengesa nekukurumidza. Kuti tafura ndipo panoratidza munhu kuti ndiani kana mhedzisiro isiri mumaoko ake. Masvomhu anotaura zvinhu zvimwe chete izvi nenhamba; vanyori vemabhuku vakazvitaura kutanga.
Mibvunzo
The Gambler. Ipfupi uye ndiyo nyaya yese.
Zvakanyanya. Kurasikirwa kwaDostoevsky pachake, stenographer wake (waakaroora) nenzvimbo yespa zvese zviripo.
Kwete. MuCasino Royale Bond anobheja madozeni maviri. Kupararira pa19–36, 13–18 nezero kwakapiwa zita rake gare gare, nemumwe munhu.
Hongu. Vhiri rakakombama kana rakatsveyama ndicho chaizvo chakashandiswa naJagger kuMonte Carlo uye chikamu cheLab chinotsanangura maonero aro. Madhora zviuru makumi matatu ndicho chikamu chengano.
Kuseka zvishoma
Vanyori vemabhuku vaiziva. Hazvina kuvabatsira zvakare.
Zvinyorwa
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- London, J. Smoke Bellew.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.