Joseph Jagger: Nzira yeRoulette kuMonte Carlo

Zvinoratidzwa nemarekodhi

Joseph Hobson Jagger akazvarwa pa2 Gunyana 1830 kuShelf, pakati peBradford neHalifax. Akaroora Matilda Townend aine makore makumi maviri uye vakava nevana vana. Akashanda mubhizimisi remachira upenyu hwake hwose: semushandi wedura, semumwe wevaridzi vefekitari yaigadzira tambo dzewarp, semupedzisi wemachira muManchester. Census ya1861 inomuti mumiriri wedonje nemachira uye wiro yake ya1881 inomuti mugadziri. Hapana gwaro rinomuti injiniya. Izwi iroro, uye “makanika”, zvinobva mumabhuku eMonte Carlo.

Muna Kubvumbi 1860 bhizimisi rake reManchester rakakundikana, uye London Gazette yakamunyora pakati pevane chikwereti vasingagoni kubhadhara vaizonzwikwa paLancaster Castle. Mwana wake mudiki aive nemakore maviri. Munyori wenhoroondo yake Anne Fletcher, muzukuru wake wechina uye munyori wenhoroondo yenhaka, akawana zviziviso izvi uye akawana mhuri ichiri kubhadhara zvikwereti makore gumi nemashanu gare gare. Haana kuwana kubhuroka muna 1880 kana 1881, kunyange mapepanhau akati wandei akazozviisa ipapo.

Nyaya sezvayakatanga kudhindwa

Nyaya yekare kupfuura dzese iMonte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play yaVictor Bethell (1901). Bethell anomuti “Jaggers”, muYorkshire uye makanika nebasa, uye haapi zita rekutanga kana gore. Munyaya yake Jaggers akabhadhara vanyori vatanhatu, akavagarisa patafura dzakasiyana kuti vanyore nhamba imwe neimwe zuva rese, uye mushure memwedzi akanga awana pane kushaya simba muvhiri rega rega. Iye nevarume vake vakakunda £120,000. Kasino yakatanga kutamisa mavhiri kubva patafura kuenda patafura manheru ega ega, uye Jaggers aiaziva nezviratidzo zvidiki, mucheka kana kadoti mupende. Akarasikirwa ne£40,000 yezvakakundwa akaenda neinenge £80,000, iyo pamafranc 25 papaundi panguva iyoyo mamiriyoni maviri emafranc. Zuva chete rinopiwa naBethell nderekuti zvese izvi zvakaitika “kupfuura makore makumi maviri apfuura”.

Bethell ainyora makore makumi maviri mushure mechiitiko uye haadomi chapupu. Fletcher akatsvaga mumapepanhau emunzvimbo, enyika nekunze kwenyika asi haana kuwana nyaya yekukunda uku, uye baba vake pavakanyorera kasino vakaudzwa kuti mapepa ayo enguva iyoyo akanga aparadzwa.

Kuti nyaya yakakura sei

Munyori wega wega akazotevera akawedzera chimwe chinhu, uye zvakawedzerwa ndizvo zvinozivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji.

Paakanga aripo

Fletcher anoti kushanya kwekutanga kwaive muna 1880 kana 1881 achishandisa humbowo huna. Jagger haapo mumhuri yake mucensus yaKubvumbi 1881, umo mukadzi wake akanyorwa semusoro wayo. Gwaro raNyamavhuvhu 1881 rinomudoma ari pa6 Greaves Street, Bradford, imba yaakatenga gore iroro, uye muna Gumiguru akanyora wiro yemunhu ane pfuma. Chechina ndicho chinhu chimwe chete chakapona, kiyi yechirangaridzo mubhokisi rechipo, inochengetwa nemhuri. Zvakanyorwa pairi, kubva ku“shamwari nevanomuyemura”, zvinotaura nezvekubudirira kwake paRoulette kurwisa bhangi kuMonte Carlo “kwakatora nguva yemakore mana”, uye zvakanyorwa 1 Chivabvu 1884.

Fletcher anozviverenga sekugara kwakati wandei pakati pa1880 na1884 kunge, kwete vhiki imwe. Kuti akatarisa kwenguva yakareba sei, uye akatamba kwenguva yakareba sei, hazvina kunyorwa kupi nokupi.

Akaenda nevanaani

Vanyori vatanhatu vaBethell havana humbowo, uye Fletcher anocherechedza kuti kamuri raive nematafura eRoulette mana kana mashanu chete panguva iyoyo. Imwe tsika yemhuri, yakanyorwa neshamwari yakanga yaona tsamba dzakazoparadzwa, ndeyekuti mwanakomana wake mukuru Alfred akaenda naye. Fletcher anowedzera muzukuru, Oates Jagger, mutyairi wechitima, nekuda kwepfuma yake yakazouya isina tsananguro; ndiko kufungidzira kwake. Rimwe bazi remhuri raigara richiti akaenda naforomani wake. Mari yerwendo yakakweretwa kuhama, imwe yadzo, muzukuru wehanzvadzi, inodomwa seyakadzorerwa mari.

Zvakaitwa nekasino

Pano zvakare Bethell ndiye kwekutanga kunobva nyaya. Anoti kasino yakatanga nekutamisa mavhiri kubva patafura kuenda patafura manheru ega ega, uye izvozvo pazvakakundikana yakatumira munhu kukambani yeParis yaiagadzira. Kambani yakavaka seti itsva yemavhiri ane zvikamu zvinofambiswa, kuti gombamidziyoGombaImwe yemakamuri 37 ane nhamba parotor. Mamwe mazita: slot, cup.Verengai zvese → raive pakatarisana nezerovhiriZeroGomba rimwe chete rakasvibira risingafukidzwi nebheti remubhadharo wakaenzana, redozeni kana rekoramu; ndiko kunobva chikamu chekasino. Mamwe mazita: zero imwe, 0.Verengai zvese → rimwe zuva rigone kuva kumwe kunhu zuva rinotevera. Polovtsoff, aitungamira International Sporting Club kuMonte Carlo muma1930, anotaura zvimwe chetezvo: mavhiri matsva ane zvikamu zvinochinjanwa, zvinoshandurwa zuva nezuva. Mavhiri ekare akatsiviwa, kwete kugadziriswa.

Kuongororwa kwemangwanani kwevhiri rimwe nerimwe nespirit level kune humbowo hwakawanda. Adolphe Smith akazviona kunenge 1912, uye Polovtsoff anozvitsanangura muna 1937. Hapana mumwe wavo anoti zvakatanga naJagger, uye hapana gwaro rekasino rinobatanidza chimwe chezviito izvi naye.

Casino de Monte-CarloKuyera Vhiri Chairo

Kuti kutsauka kunofanira kuva kukuru zvakadii

Nzira yeRoulette yaJoseph Jagger, sekutaura kwenyaya, yaive yekubheja nhamba dzinofarirwa nevhiri, uye izvozvo zvinobhadhara chete kana zvapfuura mwero. Straight upbhetiStraight upNhamba imwe chete, rinobhadhara 35:1.Verengai zvese → inobhadhara 35 kusvika ku1, saka nhamba inofanira kukunda kakawanda kupfuura kamwe pakutenderera 36 bheti pairi risati rawana chinhu. Pavhiri rakaenzana rine zero imwe inokunda kamwe pa37.

Ngatitii vanyori vakanga vanyora vhiri rimwe kwemwedzi pakutenderera 500 pazuva: kutenderera 15,000. Nhamba yakaenzana yaizobuda kanenge ka405, kupfuura kana kudarika ne20. Nhamba yakabuda ka465 yaizova mberi nema“kupfuura kana kudarika” matatu, izvo rombo roga risingawanzombobudisi. Nhamba yakadaro inokunda kamwe pakutenderera 32 kunge, uye bheti pairi rinowana 11.6%: machipimariChipiChiratidzo chinomiririra mari yakatarwa, chinoiswa patafura yekubhejera kuita bheti. Rimwe zita: check.Verengai zvese → 36 anodzoka pa32.3 yega yega akabhejwa. Mwedzi wekuverenga nemwoyo murefu wakakwana kuwana kukanganisa kwehukuru ihwohwo, asi hauna kukwana kuwana kudiki zvikuru. Kutenderera 500 pazuva kufungidzira kwekuverenga; hapana akanyora kuti matafura iwayo aimhanya sei.

Saizi yeSampuruBheti reStraight Up reRoulette

Mushure

Jagger haana kutenga imba huru. Muna 1881 akatenga 6 Greaves Street muLittle Horton, Bradford, uye mumakore anenge gumi akatevera, sekuverenga kwaFletcher, dzimba dzakabatana zvishoma makumi matatu nembiri pedyo, dzaiitwa rendi kana kugarwa nehama. Anotenda kuti akapa chikamu chimwe pazvitatu chemari kuvarume vaviri vakaenda naye. Hapana chiratidzo chekuti akamboita kuti kukunda kwacho kuzivikanwe. Akafa pa25 Greaves Street pa25 Kubvumbi 1892, aine makore 61; gwaro rerufu rinopa chirwere cheshuga. Akavigwa paBethel Chapel muShelf, pedyo nepaakazvarwa. Kukosha kwenhaka yake yose kwaive £1,710.

Rwiyo

“The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” rwakatanga kuimbwa muna 1892, gore rakafa Jagger, uye mhuri yake kwenguva refu yaitenda kuti rwaive pamusoro pake. Rwakanga rusiri. Fred Gilbert akarunyora mushure memutsara waCharles Wells wa1891, wakazadza mapepanhau (onai Murume Akaputsa Bhangi). Charles Kingston akataura zvimwe chetezvo muna 1925: rukudzo rwakaenda kumubiridziri akauya mushure memuYorkshire.

Mibvunzo