Vatambi veRoulette Vane Mukurumbira

Joseph Jagger (1830–1892)

Muzvinabhizimisi wemachira anobva kuShelf, pedyo neBradford, aive nekambani yake yeManchester yakakundikana muna 1860. Kunenge 1880 akaenda kuMonte Carlo, akaita kuti mavhiri anyorwe, uye akabheja nhamba dzaibuda kakawanda. Nyaya yekare kupfuura dzese, bhuku raVictor Bethell ra1901, rinoti akakunda £120,000, akadzosa £40,000 yazvo uye akaenda neinenge £80,000, anenge mamiriyoni maviri emafranc, uye kuti kasino yakatanga kutamisa mavhiri ayo kubva patafura kuenda patafura manheru ega ega yobva yaraira matsva ane zvikamu zvinofambiswa. Hapana pepanhau renguva iyoyo rakataura nezvekukunda uku, uye mapepa ekasino emakore iwayo akarasika. Munyori wenhoroondo yake Anne Fletcher (2018), muzukuru wake wechina, anoti kushanya kwekutanga kwaive muna 1880 kana 1881, kwete 1873 kana 1875 yenyaya dzekare. Vanyori vatanhatu vakabhadharwa ndevaBethell; rondedzero yenhamba pfumbamwe nemucheka unonzi akacheka muvhiri zvinotanga kuoneka muna 1951, uye hapana chinozvitsigira. Paakafa muna 1892 nhaka yake yakanga iri diki. Peji raJoseph Jagger rinoongorora humbowo.

Joseph Jagger: Nzira yeRoulette kuMonte Carlo

Charles Wells (1841–1922)

Mubiridziri nemugadziri akasvika kuMonte Carlo muna 1891 nemari yakaunganidzwa yechigadzirwa chenhema uye akaputsa bhangi kakawanda mumazuva mashoma, achikunda anenge £40,000 nemutsara unoshamisa. Akati aive nesisitimu isingakundikane asi haana kumbotsanangura. Akava “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” murwiyo rwemahoro emimhanzi, akadzosa chikamu chemari munguva yechando iyoyo, uye akapedza nguva zhinji yeupenyu hwake hwakasara mujeri nekuda kwekubiridzira. Chero sisitimu yake yaive yakaita sei, mhedzisiro yake yaive rombo.

Murume Akaputsa Bhangi

Hibbs naWalford (1947)

Muna 1947 vadzidzi vaviri veUniversity of Chicago, Albert Hibbs, aipedza dhigiri remasters remasvomhu, naRoy Walford, mudzidzi wezvekurapa, vakapedza zororo muReno vachinyora kutenderera. Vaitsvaga mavhiri aibuda nhamba dzimwe kakawanda kupfuura zvinobvumirwa ne1 pa38, vakawana mamwe, vakabheja, vakaenda kuLas Vegas. Magazini yeLife yakataura nyaya iyi muna Zvita 1947 pasi pemusoro unoti “How to Win $6,500”; nyaya dzakazotevera, kusanganisira yaHibbs pachake, dzinopa huwandu hukuru, uye Thorp, achinyora muna 1998, akati yaive 1949–50. Mari yakabhadhara chikepe chemachira chetsoka 40 nekupfuura gore muCaribbean. Hibbs akaenda kuJet Propulsion Laboratory, kwaakava izwi rayo rinozivikanwa zvikuru kuruzhinji, uye Walford akava muongorori wekukwegura. Kwavo ndiko kukunda kwekutanga kweAmerica kwakanyorwa zvakanaka kubva pakutsauka kwevhiri, uye ndiko kwaifungwa naThorp muna 1955 paakafunga kuti mavhiri akagadzirwa zvakanaka aizofanira kukundwa nefizikisi pachinzvimbo.

Norman Leigh (1966)

Muzhizha ra1966 Norman Leigh, muChirungu akanyora kuti baba vake vakaparadzwa neRoulette, akatora chikwata chevanhu gumi nevaviri kuenda kuCasino Municipal muNice. Sekutaura kwake vakatamba reverse LabouchèrenziraLabouchèreSisitimu yekudzima: nyorai mutsetse wenhamba, bhejai huwandu hwemigumo miviri, idzimei mushure mekukunda, wedzerai mari yarasika mushure mekurasikirwa.Verengai zvese → pamikana mitanhatu yese yakaenzana patafura mbiri, vakakunda zvakanyanya manheru akati wandei, uye vakamiswa apo kasino yakavhara matafura ikavarambidza kupinda mumakasino eFrance. Bhuku rake, Thirteen Against the Bank (1976), ndiye chete chapupu chakazara, uye huwandu hwacho hahugoni kuongororwa. Sisitimu haigoni kuzvitsanangura: reverse Labouchère inodhura 1.35% yemari yose yakabhejwamariMari yose yakabhejwaMari yese yakabhejwa musesheni kana munguva yakati, kusanganisira mari yakakundwa yakabhejwazve. Mamwe mazita: handle, action.Verengai zvese → nela partagemutemoLa partageMutemo wechiFrench: kana zero yabuda, hafu yemari yakabhejwa pabheti remubhadharo wakaenzana inodzoserwa. Inoita hafu chikamu chekasino pamabheti iwayo kusvika pa1.35%.Verengai zvese → uye inokunda chete musesheni isingawanzoitika apo mutsara unokwira kusvika pamari yepamusoro-soro (onai Nzira yeLabouchère paRoulette). Vatambi gumi nevaviri pamikana mitanhatu manheru akati wandei vanotamba masesheni akawanda, mashoma acho aifanira kuva kukunda kukuru, uye kasino payakavhara mutambo yakatadzisa rombo kuenzana.

Ngano: Nzira yeRoulette Inogara IchikundaNzira yeLabouchère paRoulette

Thorp naShannon (1961)

Edward Thorp, akazokunda blackjack nekuverenga makadhi, naClaude Shannon, muvambi wedzidziso yeruzivo, vakavaka komputa yekutanga inopfekwa: mudziyo wakaita sepakiti yemidzanga waiyera nguva yebhoramidziyoBhoraBhora diki rinokandwa mumugero richienda rimwe divi nerotor. Mabhora emazuva ano ndeeivorine kana Teflon, 18–21 mm.Verengai zvese → nerotormidziyoRotorChikamu chevhiri chinotenderera chakatakura makomba.Verengai zvese → uye waitumira inzwi kuchinhu chepanzeve chichidaidza chikamu chimwe pazvisere chevhiri. Waishanda muimba yepasi yaShannon pavhiri rakatengwa uye pano neapo muLas Vegas, apo waya dzaidimbuka uye chinhu chepanzeve chaioneka. Vakamira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuita; Thorp akazivisa sisitimu iyi muna 1966 uye akaitsanangura zvizere muna 1979 na1984 (onai Kutamba neMukana muRoulette).

The Eudaemons (1976–1981)

Boka revadzidzi vefizikisi vepashure pedhigiri kuSanta Cruz vakavaka makomputa madiki edhijitari ekupfeka mukasino: mumwe mutambi aiyera nguva yevhiri nemaswitch ezvigunwe zvetsoka, komputa yaifanotaura chikamu chevhirivhiriChikamu chevhiriRutivi rwemakomba akatevedzana pavhiri, rwakasiyana neboka riri patafura yekubhejera.Verengai zvese →, uye mumwe mutambi aigamuchira kufanotaura kuburikidza nekudedera obheja. Muna 1977 na1978 komputa yaisungirirwa pasi peruoko; shanduro yakazotevera, yakavakwa mutsoka yeshangu, yakaenda kuLas Vegas muna Mbudzi 1981 ikakundwa neruzha rwemagetsi rwemakasino. Kuedza kwavo kwaivimbisa mukana wakanaka we44%, uye sesheni yavo yekutanga refu patafura chaiyo yakapa anenge 25%. Midziyo yaiwanzosashanda kwenguva refu: waya dzakasununguka, kuvhundutswa nemagetsi uye kamwe kupiswa newaya dzakapisa zvakapedza masesheni mazhinji. Vakakunda madhora zviuru zvishoma pamari dzemadime nemaquarter, vakashandisa anenge $15,000 uye vakasiya bhuku rakanaka. Peji reThe Eudaemons rinotaura nyaya iyi.

The Eudaemons

Richard Jarecki (1931–2018)

Chiremba weAmerica akazvarwa muGermany uyo, nemukadzi wake Carol nevabatsiri vashoma, akanyora mavhiri ane zerovhiriZeroGomba rimwe chete rakasvibira risingafukidzwi nebheti remubhadharo wakaenzana, redozeni kana rekoramu; ndiko kunobva chikamu chekasino. Mamwe mazita: zero imwe, 0.Verengai zvese → imwe mumakasino eEurope muma1960 nekutanga kwema1970, kunyanya kuSanremo, uye akabheja nhamba dzaibuda kakawanda. Sekutaura kwaCarol Jarecki vhiri rimwe raigona kutora kutenderera kunopfuura 10,000 uye kusvika mwedzi. Chinyorwa cherufu cha2018 chinotaura kuti sekutaura kwevazhinji akakunda kupfuura $1.2 miriyoni; nhamba iyi haina kumboongororwa. Akaudza vatori venhau kuti komputa kuUniversity of London yakanga yakunda mutambo; chinyorwa cherufu cha2018 nemunyori wenhoroondo yeRoulette Russell Barnhart vanotsanangura izvi sechifukidzo chekungoona chete. Sanremo yakamukumbira kuti asauye muna Ndira 1969, ikamurambidza semubheji wehunyanzvi muna Kukadzi ikamubvumira zvakare mukati memazuva mashoma, ikatamisa matafura ayo, uye pakupedzisira ikatsiva mavhiri anenge makumi maviri nemana. Akadzokera kuUnited States muna 1973 kana 1974. Nyaya dzenguva iyoyo dzinopa ruzivo rwakawanda.

Richard Jarecki: Sisitimu yeRoulette

Gonzalo García-Pelayo (akazvarwa 1947)

Mugadziri wemarekodhi nemutungamiri wemafirimu weSpain uyo, nevana vake nevazukuru, akanyora kutenderera kunenge 5,000 pavhiri rimwe nerimwe paCasino Gran Madrid, kunze kweguta, kubva kunopera kwa1991, uye akabheja makombamidziyoGombaImwe yemakamuri 37 ane nhamba parotor. Mamwe mazita: slot, cup.Verengai zvese → aitungamira. Sekuverenga kwake gomba rakanakisisa raikunda kamwe pakutenderera 28 uye mukana wakanaka waive anenge 6%; anoisa zvakakundwa pamapeseta mamiriyoni 200 kusvika 250 mumakasino akati wandei. Kasino yakarambidza mhuri, hurumende yakapidigura kurambidzwa, uye zvikumbiro zvekasino zvakakundikana, chekupedzisira muDare Repamusoro-soro muna Chikumi 2004. Dare rakati vatambi vakashandisa ungwaru nekomputa chete, uye kuti mhinduro yepamutemo yekasino kutamisa mavhiri ayo, kuchinja zvikamu zvawo kana kuagadzira zviri nani. Peji raGonzalo García-Pelayo rinozvitaura zvizere.

Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Sisitimu yeRouletteRoulette muEurope

Vatatu veRitz (2004)

Vatambi vatatu, varume vaviri nemukadzi mumwe vanobva kuYugoslavia yekare neHungary, vakakunda anenge £1.3 miriyoni muusiku huviri muna Kurume 2004 paRitz Club muLondon, vachibheja pakupedzisira pamapoka madiki enhamba dzakavakidzana. Mapepanhau akataura nezvelaser scanner yakavanzwa mufoni; hapana mudziyo wakadaro wakambotaridzwa. Vakasungwa vakasunungurwa, uye muna Zvita 2004 mapurisa akarega nyaya akadzosa mari, nekuti mutemo wekare wekurwisa kubiridzira wakanga usingasvike pane zvavakaita. Nyaya yeBloomberg ya2023 yemutungamiri, muCroatia anozivikanwa saNiko Tosa, inotsanangura kufanotaura nemaziso pavhiri rakarereka zvishoma, kwete mudziyo. Gambling Act 2005 yakatsiva mhosva yekare nemhosva yakafara yekubiridzira, inoshanda kubva 2007; kana ichifukidza kufanotaura nemaziso hazvisati zvaedzwa mudare. Kwaive kukunda kwekupedzisira kukuru kweruzhinji paRoulette nekufanotaura.

Zvakafanana pakati pevatambi veRoulette vakabudirira

Mukundi wega wega akanyorwa akayera vhiri (Jagger, Hibbs naWalford, Jarecki, García-Pelayo) kana akafanotaura bhora (Thorp, Eudaemons, chikwata cheRitz). Hapana kana mumwe wavo akakunda nemaitiro ekubheja, uye mutambi mumwe chete wesisitimu ane mukurumbira, Wells, akadzosa chikamu chazvo mukati memwedzi akapedzisira ari mujeri. Nzira yega yega yavakashandisa yakazovharwa nemakasino achichinja vhiri, mitemo kana mutemo. Mapeji eLab anotsanangura nzira; peji iri rinotsanangura kuti sei makanzwa nezvevanhu vashoma kudai.

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