Nhoroondo yeMasisitimu eRoulette
Mazana maviri emakore evanhu vachinyora mitemo yekuchinja mari yavanobheja.
Martingale ndeyezana ramakore rechi18; D’Alembert yakatumidzwa zita renyanzvi yemasvomhu yaisaida; Labouchère yaive chinhu chaifarirwa nemupolitiki wenguva yaVictoria. Hapana neimwe yadzo yakashanda panguva iyoyo zvakare.
Martingale
Zita iri rinobva paslang yekubheja yechiProvençal (à la martegalo, “sezvinoita vanhu veMartigues”, vaizivikanwa sevasingangwariri) yebheti rinopetwa kaviri, rakanyorwa mumaduramazwi echiFrench kubva muma1760s. Thorp (1984), achitevera American Heritage Dictionary, anopa tsananguro yechipiri yechivanhu: vanhu veMartigues vaisekwa nekuda kwetsika dzinoshamisa, imwe yacho kusunga mabhurugwa avo kumashure, saka mutsara uyu wakazoreva kuti “nenzira inosekesa”. Yakanga yatova nyaya yekuyambira muParis yezana ramakore rechi18: Casanova anotsanangura kurasikirwa nehupfumi hwakawanda achipeta kaviri pafaro muVenice muma1750s. Masvomhu ekuti sei ichikundikana, muganho wetafuratafuraMuganho wetafuraBheti diki nerikuru kupfuura ese anobvumirwa. Rikuru ndiro rinomisa maprogression ekupeta kaviri.Verengai zvese → nemari yekutambamariMari yekutambaMari yose yakachengeterwa kutamba. Kutonga mari yekutamba kuri kusarudza kuti mungaisa pangozi yakawanda sei pabheti rimwe nepasesheni imwe.Verengai zvese → ine magumo, akanga anzwisiswa pakasvika ma1770s. Mudzidziso yemukanamasvomhuMukanaMukana wemhedzisiro, kubva pa0 kusvika pa1 kana 0% kusvika 100%. Nhamba imwe: 1/37 = 2.70%.Verengai zvese → “martingalenziraMartingaleProgression inopeta bheti kaviri mushure mekurasikirwa kwega kwega. Onai chikamu cheNzira kuti munzwisise zvainoita nezvaisingaite.Verengai zvese →” rakava izwi rehunyanzvi muma1930s remutambo wakaenzanamasvomhuMutambo wakaenzanaMutambo usina divi rine mukana: bheti rimwe nerimwe rine kukosha kunotarisirwa kwe zero.Verengai zvese →, chiri chinhu chimwe chete Martingale yeroulette isiri.
D’Alembert
Jean le Rond d’Alembert akataura muEncyclopédie (1754) kuti mushure memusoro yakatevedzana, muswe waiva nemukana wakakura, chirevo chekare chekukanganisa kwemubheji kubva kunyanzvi huru yemasvomhu. Sisitimu yekubheja inowedzera yunitimariYunitiMari yehwaro inoshandiswa nesisitimu kana nemutambi. Maprogression anotsanangurwa nemayuniti kuitira kuti ashande patafura ipi zvayo.Verengai zvese → mushure mekurasikirwa uye yobvisa imwe mushure mekukunda yakatumidzwa zita rake nevabheji vakazotevera vaive nekutenda kwakafanana. Haana kuiburitsa uye, pamazuva ake akanaka, angadai akairamba.
Labouchère
Henry LabouchèrenziraLabouchèreSisitimu yekudzima: nyorai mutsetse wenhamba, bhejai huwandu hwemigumo miviri, idzimei mushure mekukunda, wedzerai mari yarasika mushure mekurasikirwa.Verengai zvese → (1831–1912), mutori wenhau, muridzi wethiyeta uye MP weLiberal, akaita kuti sisitimu yekudzima izivikanwe muvanhu vepamusoro veLondon muma1870s uye zvinonzi akaishandisa kuMonte Carlo. Nzira iyi, kunyora mutsetse wenhamba wobheja huwandu hwemigumo, yakatanga iye asati avapo. Zita rake rakanamatira nekuti aizivikanwa nekuda kwezvimwe zvinhu uye nekuti sisitimu iyi ine hunhu husingawanzowanikwa hwekuti kazhinji inoshanda, izvo zvakaiita nyaya yekukurukura pakudya kwemanheru.
Casanova anorasikirwa achipeta kaviri pafaro. Martingale yatova yekare.
D’Alembert anoburitsa kukanganisa kwakazotumidzwa zita rake sesisitimu.
“Martingale” inopinda mumaduramazwi echiFrench seslang yekubheja.
Labouchère anoita kuti kudzima kuzivikanwe muLondon.
Maprogression eFibonacci neParoli anobuda mumabhuku ekubheja.
Masisitimu e“zvikamu” akavakirwa pakurongwa kwevhiri anotengeswa kuburikidza neposvo.
Halmos, mudzidzi waDoob, anoratidza kuti hapana sisitimu yekubheja inogona kushandura mutambo usingabatsiri kuva mutambo unobatsira.
Makombiyuta anoedzesera sisitimu yega yega. Dzese dzinoratidza −1/37 yemari yose yakabhejwa.
Masisitimu mamwe chete anotengeswa paindaneti nemhedzisiro dzakafanana, anoedzeserwa mubrowser pasaiti ino.
Zana ramakore rechi20
FibonaccinziraFibonacciProgression inotevera nhevedzo 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13…: nhanho imwe kumberi mushure mekurasikirwa, nhanho mbiri kumashure mushure mekukunda.Verengai zvese → neParolinziraParoliProgression inokwira mushure mekukunda: petai kaviri mushure mekukunda, dzokerai pakutanga mushure mekurasikirwa kana mushure mekukunda katatu zvichitevedzana. Rimwe zita: reverse Martingale.Verengai zvese → zvakapinda mumabhuku ekubheja munenge muna 1900. Pakati pezana ramakore pakauya masisitimu aitengeswa neposvo, rimwe nerimwe riine uchapupu hwemutengi nevimbiso yekudzosera mari, uye zvekuedzesera zvekutanga zvemakombiyuta, zvakaratidza zvaitotaurwa nemasvomhu. Humbowo hwekuti hapana sisitimu inogona kushanda hwakanga hwatovapo: Joseph Doob (1936) naPaul Halmos (1939) vakaratidza kuti hapana mutemo wekusarudza kuti riini uye zvakadii kubheja unochinja mhedzisiro inotarisirwa yemutambo wakaenzana kana usingabatsiri, uye ongororo yaThorp ya1969 yakatsanangura mamiriro acho sezvaanosangana nawo vabheji. Kubva ipapo masisitimu haana kuchinja; kushambadzira kwakabva pamapepa kuenda kumavhidhiyo.
Ngano: Nzira yeRoulette Inogara IchikundaNzira yeFibonacci paRoulette
Sei achiramba aripo
Sisitimu inopa mutambi chekuita nenyaya yekutaura. Masesheni mazhinji pasi pemasisitimu mazhinji anopera nekukunda kudiki, iyo nyaya iri nani kupfuura masvomhu. Masesheni ekurasikirwa haawanzoitika uye anorangarirwa senhamo. Kushambadzira hakudi kunyepa pamusoro pemikana; kunongoda kuratidza sesheni yekukunda, uye dzakawanda. Nharo inopikisa, 2.70% yemari yose yakabhejwamariMari yose yakabhejwaMari yese yakabhejwa musesheni kana munguva yakati, kusanganisira mari yakakundwa yakabhejwazve. Mamwe mazita: handle, action.Verengai zvese →, yanga iripo kubva muna 1796 uye haina kumbobvira yanyengetedza sehusiku hwemhanza.
Masisitimu anotengeswa
Kutengeserana kwezana ramakore rechi20 kwakawedzera zvirongwa zvakwo, chimwe nechimwe kurongwa kutsva kwemabheti mamwe chete asingabatsiri. Phase One yaitengeswa ne$25 pamwe ne10% yezvakakundwa nemutengi, ine Phase Two yaivimbiswa kana $500 yabhadharwa uye “Inner Circle” pa$5,000. Hapana neimwe yazvo inochinja masvomhu: kukosha kunotarisirwamasvomhuKukosha kunotarisirwaMhedzisiro yepakati pabheti rimwe nekufamba kwenguva refu. −1/37 yemari yakabhejwa pabheti rimwe nerimwe reEurope rakajairwa.Verengai zvese → kwenhevedzo yemabheti ihuwandu hwekukosha kunotarisirwa kweimwe neimwe.
Iyo isiri sisitimu
Mitemo yekumira: kusarudza pachine nguva kuti murasikirwe kana mukunde zvakadii mobva maenda. Kazhinji inotengeswa sechikamu chesisitimu uye ndicho chikamu chega chinoita chimwe chinhu, nekuti inoderedza mari yose yakabhejwa. Haina munhu yakatumidzwa zita rake, izvo zvakakodzera.
Mibvunzo
Martingale, nezana ramakore kana kupfuura. Kupeta kaviri mushure mekurasikirwa ipfungwa yekutanga inouya kumunhu wese.
D’Alembert akasvika pedyo, netsaona. Pascal, Fermat, Huygens, Bernoulli naLaplace vese vakatsanangura kuti sei achikundikana.
Nekuti masesheni mazhinji anokunda, uye vhidhiyo yesesheni yekukunda haidhuri kugadzira.
Kuseka zvishoma
Mazana maviri emakore emazita. Nhamba imwe.
Zvinyorwa
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling.
- Doob, J. L. “Note on probability.”
- Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.”
- d’Alembert, J. “Croix ou pile.”
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.